Preheat the oven to 375ºF (190ºC) for the croutons.
Preheat a soup pot over medium heat. Cut the eggplant into 1-inch (2.5 cm) pieces, discarding the stem. Add it to the pan with a drizzle of oil and a big pinch of salt and give it a stir with a wooden spoon to coat. Cook to soften for about 5 minutes, stirring occasionally. In the meantime, mince the garlic.
Add breadcrumbs and garlic to the eggplant and toss to coat again. Cook for about 3 more minutes, until the breadcrumbs are toasty and the garlic is aromatic. Add the nutritional yeast and toss for 30 seconds or so to toast it.
Pour in the crushed tomatoes, then stir in the tomato paste, making sure it’s fully incorporated. Add the vegetable broth, vinegar, Italian seasoning, and remaining ½ teaspoon of salt. Cover, bring to a boil, then reduce the heat to medium-low. Simmer for 10 to 15 minutes, until the eggplant is tender but not totally falling apart. Add up to an extra cup of broth or water to thin while it cooks.
Meanwhile, make the croutons: Pull the bread apart into roughly ½- to 1-inch (12 mm to 2.5 cm) pieces with your fingers. In a medium bowl, mix the bread pieces, oil, garlic powder, and salt until evenly coated. Spread on a baking sheet in a single layer. Bake for 8 minutes, or until the croutons are light golden brown and crispy.
Add more vegetable broth to the soup, as desired, to reach your preferred thickness. Ladle into bowls and top with croutons and mozz, if using. Finish with a drizzle of oil, fresh basil, plus a sprinkle of red pepper flakes.